Hardware Components

Introduction

An electrical motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, typically through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. It is widely used in various applications, from household appliances to industrial machinery and transportation.

Basic Principle

The working principle of most electrical motors is based on electromagnetic induction, which was discovered by Michael Faraday. When an electric current flows through a conductor placed in a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the conductor. This force, known as the Lorentz force, causes motion.

Main Components

1. Stator: The stationary part of the motor that generates a magnetic field. It usually consists of a coil of wire or permanent magnets.

2. Rotor: The rotating part of the motor placed within the stator's magnetic field. It experiences a torque due to the magnetic interaction and begins to rotate.

3. Commutator (for DC motors): A mechanical switch that reverses the direction of current flow in the rotor coils to maintain continuous rotation.

4. Shaft: Connected to the rotor, it delivers the mechanical output to drive loads like fans, pumps, or wheels.